{"id":2378,"date":"2019-09-04T10:39:38","date_gmt":"2019-09-04T08:39:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.trader-magazine.com\/?p=2378"},"modified":"2019-09-06T15:06:48","modified_gmt":"2019-09-06T13:06:48","slug":"rozdilove-smlouvy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trader-magazine.com\/cs\/cfd-cs\/rozdilove-smlouvy\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce se v\u011bnujeme tzv. rozd\u00edlov\u00fdm smlouv\u00e1m, neboli CFD kontrakt\u016fm (z angl. Contract for Difference)<\/p>\n

S\u00e1zen\u00ed na cenov\u00e9 pohyby<\/h2>\n

Jak vznikly CFD?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Narozd\u00edl od akci\u00ed nebo m\u011bn se rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy za\u010daly v\u00a0investov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat teprve relativn\u011b ned\u00e1vno \u2013 v\u00a090. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Slou\u017eily z\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku investi\u010dn\u00edm instituc\u00edm pro poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed proti pohybu kurz\u016f akci\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch aktiv. Teprve \u010dasem se z\u00a0nich stal produkt uplat\u0148ovan\u00fd na trhu drobn\u00fdmi investory a obchodn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Podstata CFD<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159i vyu\u017eit\u00ed instrumentu CFD se obchodn\u00edk nest\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u00edkem fyzick\u00e9 akcie. Nem\u00e1 tak n\u00e1rok na pod\u00edl na zisku ani na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 rozhodovac\u00ed pravomoci. Na druhou stranu neplat\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad burzovn\u00ed poplatky a obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0CFD je rychlej\u0161\u00ed a jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed oproti tradi\u010dn\u00edm aktiv\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Jak CFD funguje<\/strong><\/p>\n

CFD jsou finan\u010dn\u00ed deriv\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke spekulaci na pohyby cen. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b vznik\u00e1 CFD otev\u0159en\u00edm pozice a kon\u010d\u00ed jej\u00edm uzav\u0159en\u00edm. Spekulovat lze na pokles, \u010di r\u016fst cen. P\u0159i uzav\u0159en\u00ed pozice se vyrovn\u00e1 spekulace obchodn\u00edka se skute\u010dn\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem ceny. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed tak k\u00a0realizaci zisku, \u010di ztr\u00e1ty. To b\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u00e1le n\u00e1sobeno vyu\u017eit\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1ky, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje dopln\u011bn\u00ed objemu vlastn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu o \u010dasto podstatn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed objem ciz\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu. Obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u201e\u010d\u00e1stkou\u201c tak vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zisku, ale i potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch ztr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad p\u00e1kov\u00e9ho obchodu s CFD<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pro lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu, jak finan\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1ka v\u00a0r\u00e1mci CFD funguje, uv\u00e1d\u00edme zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad. Pou\u017eijeme pro n\u011bj\u00a0pohyb akci\u00ed firmy Apple mezi 2. 1. 2019 a 3. 1. 2019. Akcie Apple m\u011bly hodnotu 157,92 USD (2.1.19, 16:00). Druh\u00fd den r\u00e1no v\u00a09:30 hodin m\u011bly hodnotu 144,04 USD. \u0160lo tedy o pokles \u2013 8,79 %. V\u00a0tabulce s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edklady obchod\u016f se p\u00e1kov\u00fd efekt pohybuje od 1:1 do 1:5. Vid\u00edme t\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky podle velikosti p\u00e1ky. Zisk, nebo ztr\u00e1ta nast\u00e1v\u00e1 podle toho, zda spekulujeme na pokles, nebo na r\u016fst. Uk\u00e1\u017eeme si p\u0159\u00edklad, kdy obchodn\u00edk o\u010dek\u00e1val pokles Applu a spekuloval na n\u011bj.<\/p>\n

[table id=17 \/]<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme tedy, \u017ee obchodn\u00edk 2. 1. v\u00a016:00 otev\u0159el pozici v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 10 000 EUR se spekulac\u00ed na pokles a druh\u00fd den r\u00e1no v\u00a09:30 ji uzav\u0159el. Bez pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u00e1kov\u00e9ho efektu realizuje slu\u0161n\u00fd zisk 879 EUR. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u00e1kov\u00e9ho efektu 1:5 je tento zisk dokonce 4 395 EUR.<\/p>\n

Jak lze na p\u0159\u00edkladu v\u00fd\u0161e vid\u011bt. Finan\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1ka m\u016f\u017ee dopomoci k\u00a0vysok\u00fdm zisk\u016fm, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 zp\u016fsobit stejn\u011b vysok\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Proto je nutn\u00e9, aby si obchodn\u00edk uv\u011bdomil, jak moc je ochotn\u00fd riskovat. Pokud po\u017eaduje investor u obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00edzkou m\u00edru rizika, tak obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed akci\u00ed pomoc\u00ed CFD nebude \u0161\u00e1lek jeho k\u00e1vy. Pro investory s kladn\u00fdm vztahem k\u00a0riziku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento druh obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edtan\u00fdm \u010dlenem portfolia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce se v\u011bnujeme tzv. rozd\u00edlov\u00fdm smlouv\u00e1m, neboli CFD kontrakt\u016fm (z angl. Contract for Difference) S\u00e1zen\u00ed na cenov\u00e9 pohyby Jak vznikly CFD? Narozd\u00edl od akci\u00ed nebo m\u011bn se rozd\u00edlov\u00e9 smlouvy za\u010daly v\u00a0investov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat teprve relativn\u011b ned\u00e1vno \u2013 v\u00a090. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Slou\u017eily z\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku investi\u010dn\u00edm instituc\u00edm pro poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed proti pohybu kurz\u016f akci\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch aktiv. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":1632,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[632],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2378","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cfd-cs"},"aioseo_notices":[],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false},"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0},"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t